![]() Ryan (2006) takes the imagined community concept one step further, proposing that it is a sense of membership in an imagined global community of English users that compels many EFL learners to expend considerable efforts learning the language. More recently, however, the concept of imagined communities has been expanded to not only include the imagining of people and communities that actually do exist in the present, but also the imagining of social relationships in communities that might exist in the future – communities imagined both by individuals themselves (e.g., Norton & Kamal, 2003) and communities imagined for individuals by others, such as parents (Dagenais, 2003) or schools (Kanno, 2003). ![]() Such communities can only be described as imaginary, Anderson argues, “because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion” (p. The notion of imagined communities was originally proposed by Benedict Anderson (1991) to describe the way in which citizens of nations conceptualize their own national communities. ![]() ![]() Special issue of Language, Discourse, & Society, the official journal of RC 25 of the International Sociological Association, ISSN: 2239-4192, indexed in ERIH Plus Argument ![]()
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